Plasma Rock Splitting

1. What is Plasma?

The solid, liquid and gas shall be changed its shapes to gas from liquid or from solid through liquid along with increasing temperature, and when the temperature is being reached to over 10 thousands degree, atom of gas shall be separated as electron and atomic nucleus. These materials are Plasma as the 4th status of material. All the materials are being made of atom, and the structure of atom contains with atomic nucleus and electron which is moving around the atomic nucleus. Atom has proton with(+) electricity and electron with(-) electricity as same size and it is being as stabled electric neutral. But if the energy comes to the atomic from outside, the electron is being out from the circle of atomic nucleus, and the atom is being separated as electron which is moving freely and atomic nucleus. It is Plasma.

As its results, the Plasma is being made by clustering of electron with negative electric charge and ion with positive electric charge. During the daily life, the Plasma is not usual, but we could see the Plasma easily from fluorescent lamp, neon sign, welding flame and from lightening and surface of Sun in the nature.

Plasma means the 4th status of material which is being as ionized molecule within the space and is being kept as neutrality totally but it means the status of high level energy which the chemical reaction is being made actively under the unstable status that anion and positive ion are being as same number internally.

2. Introduction to the Method of Construction

New Rock Splitting Method by using of "Plasma" and "Thermite Reaction"
This method of construction is to make Plasma by injection of electric energy into the mixture of metal powder and oxide in the lock and is to split rock by Plasma electric shock which is being made by expansion of Plasma. Plasma rock splitting method does not make floating dust because when the electric energy of storage battery reacts with electrolyte in the rock, the rock shall be split by high temperature and shock wave, and it shall be reduced as metal substance immediately.

3. Concept for Execution of Work
"Plasma Rock Splitting Method" with environment friendly lower oscillation, lower noise and lower level of dust

Total concept for execution of work for Plasma Rock Splitting Method.

	Electro Power Impactor
	Spec.	Usage	Plasma Rock Splitting
		Length(mm)	1,635
		Height(mm)	1,615
		Width(mm)	1,430
		Weight(kg)	1,400
	Function	Input Power(V)	380
		Storing Energy(kJ)	268.92
		Max. Storage Voltage(V)	9,000
		Max. Output Energy(MW)	134.46

	Impact Cell
	Usage	Plasma Rock Splitting
	Dim.	1000, 800, 600mm
	Material	Aluminum + Copper Oxide
	Reaction formula	2Al + 3CuO → Al2O3 + 3Cu + 1,197KJ

4. Procedure and Method of Work
"Plasma Rock Splitting Method" with Safety First

Work Procedure

Work Method

A. Step for site investigation
For the next step of planning work procedure precisely, investigation activities shall be made around the site. Especially, the investigation shall be made for buildings near to the site, density, distance and soil conditions(rock condition, crack status, stratum, etc…

B. Step for planning of work procedure
On the basis of site investigation, volume of split rock, duration of work, safety measures for noise and oscillation, and position of equipments according to the work procedure shall be made.

C. Take rock splitting as test
Through the tests for a single hole and multi holes, the measuring for splitting volume, noise and oscillation along with rock condition shall be taken to decide work pattern(specification of impact cell and storage of electric energy) which is being within the regulations.

D. Drilling
In principle, the drilling shall be made by oil pressure drill, but the method of drilling shall be approved by the site supervisor on the basis of considerations on the report for the site environment, work condition and economic factors.
-The drilling shall be made precisely according to the work pattern for location, direction and depth.
-The drilling machines shall be used for securing of drilling space, drilling width and drilling height.
-The attention shall be made for effusions of water and gas, and change of soil conditions during the drilling work.
-During the drilling work, the careful attention for remained impact cell shall be made, and the training and supervising shall be given for not drilling for the remained hole.

E. Input of impact cell and covering work
-The input of impact cell shall be complied with the plan of rock splitting safely as specified on the pattern.
-When input the impact cell, it shall be input into the end of hole without vacant space.
-The cover and sand shall be used for the covering work, and it shall be kept air tight to improve the rock splitting power of impact cell.

F. The step to connect cable
-The rock splitting cable shall be made as parallel connection to meet required order correctly.
-The connection part shall be compressed completely by expeller, and the connection part of the rock splitting cable shall be taped.
-The impact cell shall be connected to copper cable by fast connector

G. Installation of safety mat
-The safety mat shall be installed on the position of rock splitting precisely

H. Step of Charge and Rock Splitting
-The control part of installed EPI shall be operated, and all the relays and operation status shall be checked.
-The charge shall be made based on the result of charge energy from the test rock splitting, and the main switch shall be operated.
-Electric energy shall be charged, and then rock splitting shall be conducted.

I. Confirmation of completed work and removal of split rocks
-After splitting, the remained power shall be discharged by pushing the dump button of controller.
-The power shall be off by pushing the button.
-The split rocks shall be removed, and the next rock splitting shall be prepared.

5. The characteristics of the method of construction
The most safety rock splitting method of construction "Plasma Rock Splitting"

	Rock splitting method by electric energy The electric energy stored in EPI shall be input impact cell which is being made of aluminum and copper oxide, and then the Plasma will be made.
	Rock splitting by shock wave Electric energy(about 7-9KV) stored in storage battery shall be input into impact cell of inside of rock to make Plasma which is called as 4th status, and then the rock splitting shall be conducted by shock wave of high temperature and high pressure which have produced by Thermite Reaction
	No Dust In case of Plasma Rock Splitting Method, there is no dust because the Plasma shall be reduced into metal substance immediately after rock splitting by shock wave.
	Reduced oscillation The time of oscillation persistence is within 50ms, and it has distinctive advantage of oscillation reduction according to the distance due to the decreasing ratio of oscillation is higher than gunpowder...
	No resonance The method has the frequency which is over 80% of 80Hz and is not matched with unique frequency(15~20Hz) of general structured building. Therefore, when it reaches to the closed building, it shall not affect to the building due to out of range for resonance.

6. Advantages
The best Rock Splitting Power "Plasma Rock Splitting Method"

	Economic Efficiency It works 5 times of volume than non-oscillation method, and it makes small amount of volume for 2nd splitting.
	Environment Friendly There is no damage environmentally due to the method of lower oscillation, lower noise and lower level of dust.
	Workability It shall be applied to any rocks. The different impact cell(600, 800,1000mm) could be applicable to the different rocks such as soft rocks general rocks and solid rocks. It could also be applied to the area where the water is being because the pipe of impact cell is being coated.
	Safety There is no split rocks and harmful gas. There is no need license for gunpowder treatment or blasting work.
	Advantage The technology has developed by KAPRA, and the patent of method has registered and approved in Korea, America and Europe.

7. The range of application

	City cneter It is safety without resonance to the closed building because the oscillation frequency is in the range of high frequency.
	Area closed to the road It could be applied the place without civil appeal where the gunpowder is being prohibited due to oscillation and noise.
	Natural environment protected area There is no harmful gas during the impact cell works, and there is no pressure made by gas pressure and dust.
	Area for livestock It could release feeling of uneasy which could be made by oscillation, noise, scattered rocks and roaring sound caused by blasting works.
	Leisure area The work pattern could be designed without restriction, and it could remove causes of civil appeal.
	Residential area The rock shall be split by 100% of shock pressure, and it is out of the range of resonance. Therefore sinking or sliding which is caused by oscillation could be protected.